setlocale(3)

NAME
setlocale - set the current locale

LIBRARY
Standard C library (libc, -lc)

SYNOPSIS
#include <locale.h>

char *setlocale(int category, const char *_Nullable locale);

DESCRIPTION
The setlocale() function is used to set or query the program's current locale.

If locale is not NULL, the program's current locale is modified according to the arguments. The argument category determines which parts of the program's current locale should be modified.
Category | Governs
LC_ALL | All of the locale
LC_ADDRESS | Formatting of addresses and geography-related items (*)
LC_COLLATE | String collation
LC_CTYPE | Character classification
LC_IDENTIFICATION | Metadata describing the locale (*)
LC_MEASUREMENT | Settings related to measurements (metric versus US customary) (*)
LC_MESSAGES | Localizable natural-language messages
LC_MONETARY | Formatting of monetary values
LC_NAME | Formatting of salutations for persons (*)
LC_NUMERIC | Formatting of nonmonetary numeric values
LC_PAPER | Settings related to the standard paper size (*)
LC_TELEPHONE | Formats to be used with telephone services (*)
LC_TIME | Formatting of date and time values

The categories marked with an asterisk in the above table are GNU extensions. For further information on these locale categories, see locale(7).

The argument locale is a pointer to a character string containing the required setting of category. Such a string is either a well-known constant like "C" or "da_DK" (see below), or an opaque string that was returned by another call of setlocale().

If locale is an empty string, "", each part of the locale that should be modified is set according to the environment variables. The details are implementation-dependent. For glibc, first (regardless of category), the environment variable LC_ALL is inspected, next the environment variable with the same name as the category (see the table above), and finally the environment variable LANG. The first existing environment variable is used. If its value is not a valid locale specification, the locale is unchanged, and setlocale() returns NULL.

The locale "C" or "POSIX" is a portable locale; it exists on all conforming systems.

A locale name is typically of the form language[_territory][.codeset][@modifier], where language is an ISO 639 language code, territory is an ISO 3166 country code, and codeset is a character set or encoding identifier like ISO-8859-1 or UTF-8. For a list of all supported locales, try "locale -a" (see locale(1)).

If locale is NULL, the current locale is only queried, not modified.

On startup of the main program, the portable "C" locale is selected as default. A program may be made portable to all locales by calling:

    setlocale(LC_ALL, "");

after program initialization, and then:

•   using the values returned from a localeconv(3) call for locale-dependent information;

•   using the multibyte and wide character functions for text processing if MB_CUR_MAX > 1;

•   using strcoll(3) and strxfrm(3) to compare strings; and

•   using wcscoll(3) and wcsxfrm(3) to compare wide-character strings.

RETURN VALUE
A successful call to setlocale() returns an opaque string that corresponds to the locale set. This string may be allocated in static storage. The string returned is such that a subsequent call with that string and its associated category will restore that part of the process's locale. The return value is NULL if the request cannot be honored.

ATTRIBUTES
For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see attributes(7).
Interface | Attribute | Value
 | Thread safety | MT-Unsafe const:locale env

STANDARDS
C11, POSIX.1-2008.

  Categories

LC_ALL
LC_COLLATE
LC_CTYPE
LC_MONETARY
LC_NUMERIC
LC_TIME
    C11, POSIX.1-2008.

LC_MESSAGES
    POSIX.1-2008.

Others:
    GNU.

HISTORY
POSIX.1-2001, C89.

  Categories

LC_ALL
LC_COLLATE
LC_CTYPE
LC_MONETARY
LC_NUMERIC
LC_TIME
    C89, POSIX.1-2001.

LC_MESSAGES
    POSIX.1-2001.

Others:
    GNU.

SEE ALSO
locale(1), localedef(1), isalpha(3), localeconv(3), nl_langinfo(3), rpmatch(3), strcoll(3), strftime(3), charsets(7), locale(7)