dnssec-keyfromlabel — DNSSEC key generation tool
dnssec-keyfromlabel
{-l label
}
[-3
]
[-a
]
[algorithm
-A
]
[date/offset
-c
]
[class
-D
]
[date/offset
-E
]
[engine
-f
]
[flag
-G
]
[-I
]
[date/offset
-i
]
[interval
-k
]
[-K
]
[directory
-L
]
[ttl
-n
]
[nametype
-P
]
[date/offset
-p
]
[protocol
-R
]
[date/offset
-S
]
[key
-t
]
[type
-v
]
[level
-V
]
[-y
]
{name}
dnssec-keyfromlabel generates a key pair of files that referencing a key object stored in a cryptographic hardware service module (HSM). The private key file can be used for DNSSEC signing of zone data as if it were a conventional signing key created by dnssec-keygen, but the key material is stored within the HSM, and the actual signing takes place there.
The name
of the key is specified on the command
line. This must match the name of the zone for which the key is
being generated.
algorithm
Selects the cryptographic algorithm. The value of
algorithm
must be one of RSAMD5, RSASHA1,
DSA, NSEC3RSASHA1, NSEC3DSA, RSASHA256, RSASHA512, ECCGOST,
ECDSAP256SHA256, ECDSAP384SHA384, ED25519 or ED448.
These values are case insensitive.
If no algorithm is specified, then RSASHA1 will be used by
default, unless the -3
option is specified,
in which case NSEC3RSASHA1 will be used instead. (If
-3
is used and an algorithm is specified,
that algorithm will be checked for compatibility with NSEC3.)
Note 1: that for DNSSEC, RSASHA1 is a mandatory to implement algorithm, and DSA is recommended.
Note 2: DH automatically sets the -k flag.
Use an NSEC3-capable algorithm to generate a DNSSEC key. If this option is used and no algorithm is explicitly set on the command line, NSEC3RSASHA1 will be used by default.
engine
Specifies the cryptographic hardware to use.
When BIND is built with OpenSSL PKCS#11 support, this defaults to the string "pkcs11", which identifies an OpenSSL engine that can drive a cryptographic accelerator or hardware service module. When BIND is built with native PKCS#11 cryptography (--enable-native-pkcs11), it defaults to the path of the PKCS#11 provider library specified via "--with-pkcs11".
label
Specifies the label for a key pair in the crypto hardware.
When BIND 9 is built with OpenSSL-based
PKCS#11 support, the label is an arbitrary string that
identifies a particular key. It may be preceded by an
optional OpenSSL engine name, followed by a colon, as in
"pkcs11:keylabel
".
When BIND 9 is built with native PKCS#11
support, the label is a PKCS#11 URI string in the format
"pkcs11:keyword
=value
[;keyword
=value
;...]"
Keywords include "token", which identifies the HSM; "object", which
identifies the key; and "pin-source", which identifies a file from
which the HSM's PIN code can be obtained. The label will be
stored in the on-disk "private" file.
If the label contains a
pin-source
field, tools using the generated
key files will be able to use the HSM for signing and other
operations without any need for an operator to manually enter
a PIN. Note: Making the HSM's PIN accessible in this manner
may reduce the security advantage of using an HSM; be sure
this is what you want to do before making use of this feature.
nametype
Specifies the owner type of the key. The value of
nametype
must either be ZONE (for a DNSSEC
zone key (KEY/DNSKEY)), HOST or ENTITY (for a key associated with
a host (KEY)),
USER (for a key associated with a user(KEY)) or OTHER (DNSKEY).
These values are case insensitive.
Compatibility mode: generates an old-style key, without
any metadata. By default, dnssec-keyfromlabel
will include the key's creation date in the metadata stored
with the private key, and other dates may be set there as well
(publication date, activation date, etc). Keys that include
this data may be incompatible with older versions of BIND; the
-C
option suppresses them.
class
Indicates that the DNS record containing the key should have the specified class. If not specified, class IN is used.
flag
Set the specified flag in the flag field of the KEY/DNSKEY record. The only recognized flags are KSK (Key Signing Key) and REVOKE.
Generate a key, but do not publish it or sign with it. This option is incompatible with -P and -A.
Prints a short summary of the options and arguments to dnssec-keyfromlabel.
directory
Sets the directory in which the key files are to be written.
Generate KEY records rather than DNSKEY records.
ttl
Sets the default TTL to use for this key when it is converted
into a DNSKEY RR. If the key is imported into a zone,
this is the TTL that will be used for it, unless there was
already a DNSKEY RRset in place, in which case the existing TTL
would take precedence. Setting the default TTL to
0
or none
removes it.
protocol
Sets the protocol value for the key. The protocol is a number between 0 and 255. The default is 3 (DNSSEC). Other possible values for this argument are listed in RFC 2535 and its successors.
key
Generate a key as an explicit successor to an existing key. The name, algorithm, size, and type of the key will be set to match the predecessor. The activation date of the new key will be set to the inactivation date of the existing one. The publication date will be set to the activation date minus the prepublication interval, which defaults to 30 days.
type
Indicates the use of the key. type
must be
one of AUTHCONF, NOAUTHCONF, NOAUTH, or NOCONF. The default
is AUTHCONF. AUTH refers to the ability to authenticate
data, and CONF the ability to encrypt data.
level
Sets the debugging level.
Prints version information.
Allows DNSSEC key files to be generated even if the key ID would collide with that of an existing key, in the event of either key being revoked. (This is only safe to use if you are sure you won't be using RFC 5011 trust anchor maintenance with either of the keys involved.)
Dates can be expressed in the format YYYYMMDD or YYYYMMDDHHMMSS. If the argument begins with a '+' or '-', it is interpreted as an offset from the present time. For convenience, if such an offset is followed by one of the suffixes 'y', 'mo', 'w', 'd', 'h', or 'mi', then the offset is computed in years (defined as 365 24-hour days, ignoring leap years), months (defined as 30 24-hour days), weeks, days, hours, or minutes, respectively. Without a suffix, the offset is computed in seconds. To explicitly prevent a date from being set, use 'none' or 'never'.
date/offset
Sets the date on which a key is to be published to the zone. After that date, the key will be included in the zone but will not be used to sign it. If not set, and if the -G option has not been used, the default is "now".
date/offset
Sets the date on which the key is to be activated. After that date, the key will be included in the zone and used to sign it. If not set, and if the -G option has not been used, the default is "now".
date/offset
Sets the date on which the key is to be revoked. After that date, the key will be flagged as revoked. It will be included in the zone and will be used to sign it.
date/offset
Sets the date on which the key is to be retired. After that date, the key will still be included in the zone, but it will not be used to sign it.
date/offset
Sets the date on which the key is to be deleted. After that date, the key will no longer be included in the zone. (It may remain in the key repository, however.)
interval
Sets the prepublication interval for a key. If set, then the publication and activation dates must be separated by at least this much time. If the activation date is specified but the publication date isn't, then the publication date will default to this much time before the activation date; conversely, if the publication date is specified but activation date isn't, then activation will be set to this much time after publication.
If the key is being created as an explicit successor to another key, then the default prepublication interval is 30 days; otherwise it is zero.
As with date offsets, if the argument is followed by one of the suffixes 'y', 'mo', 'w', 'd', 'h', or 'mi', then the interval is measured in years, months, weeks, days, hours, or minutes, respectively. Without a suffix, the interval is measured in seconds.
When dnssec-keyfromlabel completes
successfully,
it prints a string of the form Knnnn.+aaa+iiiii
to the standard output. This is an identification string for
the key files it has generated.
nnnn
is the key name.
aaa
is the numeric representation
of the algorithm.
iiiii
is the key identifier (or
footprint).
dnssec-keyfromlabel
creates two files, with names based
on the printed string. Knnnn.+aaa+iiiii.key
contains the public key, and
Knnnn.+aaa+iiiii.private
contains the
private key.
The .key
file contains a DNS KEY record
that
can be inserted into a zone file (directly or with a $INCLUDE
statement).
The .private
file contains
algorithm-specific
fields. For obvious security reasons, this file does not have
general read permission.
BIND 9.10.7rc2